Cómo extender particiones en Linux: Guía paso a paso para aumentar el espacio de tus VMs VMware

How to Extend Linux Partitions in Zenoss VMware Appliances

I had a couple of Zenoss VMware appliances that run Linux and needed to allocate more space to them. Adding another hard drive wouldn't solve the issue, so I set out to find the least intrusive way to extend the partitions without breaking the whole VM appliance. If you've ever used Zenoss, you know that reconfiguring all the settings again is something you'd want to avoid.

Although there is some information available on this topic, most of it is hard to understand and doesn't provide clear step-by-step instructions. If you're not familiar with working with Linux, changing these settings can be quite challenging. So, here are the steps I followed to extend my Linux partitions. Please note that this process only applies to ext3 disks that use the logical volume manager and is compatible with Linux distros such as RedHat, CentOS, and others.

1. Shutdown the VM

2. Edit VM Settings

Right-click the VM and select "Edit Settings".

3. Choose the Hard Disk

Select the hard disk that you want to extend.

4. Adjust Provisioned Size

On the right side, increase the provisioned size to the desired amount.

5. Click Okay

Save the changes by clicking "Okay".

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6. Power on the VM

Turn on the VM to apply the changes.

7. Connect to the Command Line

Connect to the Linux VM's command line via the console or a putty session.

8. Log in as Root

Enter the root login credentials.

9. List Disk Partitions

Use the fdisk command with the -l switch to list information about disk partitions. Type "fdisk -l" in the command prompt.

10. Note the Disk Size

Make a note of the disk size displayed in response to the previous command (e.g., "Disk /dev/sda: xxGB").

11. Modify the Disk Partition

Type "fdisk /dev/sda" in the command prompt, replacing "dev/sda" with the disk identifier from the previous step.

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12. Print the Partition Table

Type "p" and press Enter to print the partition table.

13. Add a New Partition

Type "n" to add a new partition.

14. Make it a Primary Partition

Type "p" again to make the new partition a primary partition.

15. Set the First Cylinder

Choose the first cylinder for the new partition. This is typically the end of the last partition. For example, if "/dev/sda3" ends at 2610, you can set "2611" as the first cylinder for the new partition.

16. Set the Last Cylinder

If you want the new partition to take up the remaining available space, choose the default value for the last cylinder.

17. Save the Changes

Type "w" to save the changes you've made.

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18. Restart the VM

Restart the VM to apply the partition changes.

19. Log back in as Root

After the restart, log in as root again.

20. List Disk Partitions (Again)

Use the "fdisk -l" command to list disk partitions once more. You should see an additional partition present.

21. Initialize the New Partition

Initialize the new partition as a physical volume so that it can be manipulated using the Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

22. Add the Physical Volume to the Volume Group

Use the "vgextend" command to add the physical volume to the existing volume group. First, type "df -h" to find the name of the volume group. Then, type "vgextend [volume group] /dev/sdaX" (e.g., "vgextend vg_root /dev/sda4").

23. Check Free Space

Find out the amount of free space available on the physical volume by typing "vgdisplay [volume group] | grep 'Free'".

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24. Extend the Logical Volume

Extend the logical volume by the amount of free space shown in the previous step. Type "lvextend -L+[freespace]G /dev/volgroup/volume" (e.g., "lvextend -L+20G /dev/vg_root/lv_root").

25. Expand the File System

Finally, expand the ext3 file system in the logical volume using the command "resize2fs /dev/volgroup/volume" (e.g., "resize2fs /dev/vg_root/lv_root").

26. Verify the Additional Space

Run the "df -h" command to verify that you now have more space available.

Although this may seem like a lengthy process, it is actually quick and easy if you can afford to restart your server. So far, I haven't encountered any issues with dynamically extending the partitions, and the number of Zenoss notifications regarding free space has significantly reduced.

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