Cómo crear un archivo de configuración SSH en macOS

If you frequently connect to remote machines using SSH, you know how it can get confusing when you have to remember different usernames and IP addresses. But what if I told you there's a way to make it much easier? By creating an SSH configuration file, you can simplify your SSH connections and issue commands using familiar names. In this article, I will show you how to create an SSH config file on macOS.

Tools needed

To follow along with this tutorial, all you need is a MacBook or iMac with SSH installed, and some remote servers to connect to.

How to create the config file

Step 1: Change SSH directory

The first step is to change your user SSH directory. Here's how:

1. Open the macOS terminal app.
2. Change into your user SSH directory by running the command cd ~/.ssh.

Step 2: Create a new file

Once you're in the SSH directory, you need to create the configuration file. Follow these steps:

1. Use the command nano config to create a new file.
2. In the newly created file, you can start adding your configurations. For example, let's say you have a Nextcloud server with the IP address 192.168.1.20 and the username 'vega.' We'll name this server 'nextcloud' for simplicity. Here's what the configuration will look like:

Host nextcloud
HostName 192.168.1.20
User vega
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

If you're using SSH key authentication, make sure to keep the IdentityFile line. Otherwise, you can remove it.

Step 3: SSH into the server

With the configuration in place, you can now SSH into your Nextcloud server using the configured name 'nextcloud.' Simply run the command ssh nextcloud to connect.

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But what if you have multiple servers in your data center? No worries. You can add configurations for each server in the same file. Here's an example to clarify:

Host 192.168.1.*
User USERNAME

Replace 'USERNAME' with the actual user you use on the remote machines. This configuration will apply to all machines with an IP address starting with '192.168.1.'. Below that, you can define individual host configurations like this:

Host nextcloud
HostName 192.168.1.20
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa

Host web1
HostName 192.168.1.25

Host db1
HostName 192.168.1.100
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/db_rsa.pub

Save the config file, and now you can easily SSH into any of these machines using their respective names, like ssh nextcloud, ssh web1, or ssh db1.

And that's all there is to creating an SSH config file on macOS. With this method, you can simplify your SSH connections and avoid having to remember different usernames and IP addresses.

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